Today’s widespread environmental concerns reflect a realisation that the human socio-economic system is an integral part of the global ecosystem and that each system has a profound impact on the other. Our models are designed to reflect this reality. Each model consists of a number of component sub-models, representing the economic, demographic, and natural sub-systems --all linked to each other in a network of mutual, reciprocal, influence. Whenever possible, we apply and adapt standard, widely used models to serve as the components. The result is a general-purpose model that can be used in a variety of situations. The lost time and other costs of implementing a new model are thus avoided. However, if better models for a specific region are available these can easily be implemented in the integrated model. When the integrated model is to serve as the core of a Decision Support System used by a particular organisation, we will work as much as possible with the models already known and used in the organisation. Thus, the existing knowledge and experience are maintained maximally and the introduction of the model and DSS is made much easier. Based on these principles, RIKS develops integrated systems featuring custom designed Geographical Information Systems, Cellular (Automata) models and Complex Systems models as part of a single dynamic, spatial modelling and Decision Support framework. The focus of our work on integrated modelling is on: the scientific correct integration of models developed by different domain specialists, based on different modelling paradigms, featuring different levels of detail, spatial and temporal resolutions; the development of appropriate representation of the issues that matter to the end-user in carrying out integrated assessments; the application of modular architectures for the software integration and implementation of models and encompassing information systems, thus enabling an easy maintenance, adaptation, expansion, exchange, and re-use of the whole and its parts; the development, implementation and application of intelligent and fast algorithms enabling the interactive use of models and information systems. Examples of integrated models can be found in most of our Decision Support Systems on the Projects page. Projects of special interest on this topic are MODULUS and MedAction.